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Simulate temperature gradients to find optimal annealing temperatures.

Synopsis

primerlab tm-gradient --primers FILE [OPTIONS]

Description

The tm-gradient command simulates primer binding efficiency across a temperature range using nearest-neighbor thermodynamics. It predicts the optimal annealing temperature for your primer set.

Arguments

ArgumentRequiredDescription
--primers, -pYesPath to primers JSON file
--template, -tNoOptional template FASTA for context
--min-tempNoMinimum temperature °C (default: 50.0)
--max-tempNoMaximum temperature °C (default: 72.0)
--stepNoTemperature step °C (default: 0.5)
--output, -oNoOutput directory (default: tm_gradient_output)
--formatNoReport format: json, markdown, csv (default: json)

Examples

Basic Usage

primerlab tm-gradient --primers primers.json

Custom Temperature Range

primerlab tm-gradient \
  --primers primers.json \
  --min-temp 55 \
  --max-temp 68 \
  --step 0.5

Markdown Report

primerlab tm-gradient \
  --primers primers.json \
  --output results/ \
  --format markdown

CSV Export

primerlab tm-gradient \
  --primers primers.json \
  --format csv

Input Format

primers.json

[
  {"name": "Gene1", "forward": "ATGCGATCGATCGATCGATCG", "reverse": "CGATCGATCGATCGATCGCAT"},
  {"name": "Gene2", "forward": "GCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGC", "reverse": "ATATATATATATATATATATAT"}
]

Output

Console Output

🌡️ Tm Gradient Simulation (v0.4.3)
==================================================
📂 Loading primers: primers.json
🔬 Temperature range: 50.0°C - 72.0°C (step 0.5°C)

⏳ Simulating Tm gradient for 4 primers...

==================================================
🎯 Optimal Annealing Temperature: 58.5°C
   Recommended Range: 55.0°C - 62.0°C

📊 Per-Primer Results:
   Gene1_fwd: Tm=62.3°C, Optimal=57.3°C (Grade A)
   Gene1_rev: Tm=60.8°C, Optimal=55.8°C (Grade A)
   Gene2_fwd: Tm=68.5°C, Optimal=63.5°C (Grade B)
   Gene2_rev: Tm=52.1°C, Optimal=47.1°C (Grade C)

📁 Reports saved to: tm_gradient_output
   • tm_gradient.json

Report Files

  • tm_gradient.json - Full JSON data with efficiency curves
  • tm_gradient_report.md - Markdown summary
  • tm_gradient.csv - CSV data for analysis

Thermodynamic Model

Uses Santa Lucia (1998) nearest-neighbor parameters:
  • ΔH and ΔS for each dinucleotide pair
  • Salt correction for Na+ concentration
  • Two-state binding model

Grading

GradeScoreInterpretation
A≥90Wide temperature tolerance
B80-89Good stability
C70-79Moderate sensitivity
D60-69Narrow window
F<60Redesign recommended

See Also